Clinical Manifestation

Breathing patterns:

• Increased respiratory rate.

Pulmonary Functions:

• decreased FVC
• decreased FEF_200-1,200
• decreased FEF_25%-75%
• decreased FEV₁
• decreased FEV₁/FVC
• decreased MVV

Lung Volumes:

• increased Tidal Volume (VT)
• increased Residual Volume (RV)
• increased Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
• increased Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
• decreased Inspiratory Capacity (IC) and Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

Arterial Blood Gases (ABG):

• Mild to Moderate CF shows alveolar hyperventilation with hypoxemia.

(Increased pH, decreased PaCO₂, HCO₃, and PaO₂)

• Severe CF shows ventilatory failure with hypoxemia

(Normal pH, increased PaCO₂ and HCO₃, decreased PaO₂)

Radiology Findings:

• Translucent (dark) lung fields
• Depressed diaphragm
• Right ventricular hypertrophy
• Areas of atelectasis

Other signs and symptoms:

• Increased HR
• Increased anteroposterior (AP) chest diameter (barrel chest)
• Pursed-lip breathing, wheezing, pulmonary infections.
• use of accessory muscles
• polycythemia, pulmonary hypertension
• digital clubbing
• cough, sputum production, and hemoptysis, vomiting

Objectives

Definitions

Etiology

Clincial Manifestations

Pathophysiology

Incidence

Diagnosis

Treatment

References

Quiz