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Acute Renal Failure
The changes seen in Acute Renal Failure (ARF) can be explained by the kidney’s response to a reduction in renal blood flow. When renal perfusion is decreased there is increased reabsorption of Na+ and H2O secondary to renal arteriolar vasoconstriction, increased secretion of ADH, and activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. These physiologic changes result in increased sodium reabsorption, increased water retention, increased urinary creatinine concentration, increased urine specific gravity and increased urine osmolality. Acids are retained and HCO3 is excreted.
