Alterations in Protection -- Immune

Reading:

PPorth, C.M. (2007)  Essentials of Pathophysiology:  Selected portions of chapters 12-16.

Purposes:

Review the normal anatomy and physiology of the immune system as a basis for understanding the pathophysiologcial changes that occur with disease;

Differentiate infection and inflammation;

Explain the physiologic basis of the local and systemic clinical manifestations of inflmmation;

Describe the variables that may affect the process of wound healing;

Explain the pathophysiologic processes that predict clinical manifestations in selected disorders of tissue defense;

Describe common autoimmune diseases;

Discuss immune proliferative diseases.

Reading Guide:

Continue to refer to the written syllabus for guidance on included topics. 

Also, review the textbook website at http://thePoint.LWW.com/PorthEssentials for links to chapter-related resources with animations and chapter review questions.

Terminology:

Study Questions:

1. Which of the following groups of antigens are most closely related to how the body differentiates self from non-self: Rh blood group system, the ABO blood group system, the HLA complex?
2. Which of the following body fluids should raise the most concern with regard to the likelihood of transmitting the HIV virus: urine, tears, perspiration, saliva contaminated with blood?
3. Why is it difficult to develop an immunization that is effective against rhinoviruses?
4. In leukemia classification, acute and chronic are used to describe various leukemias. In which would it be likely that cells are poorly differentiated and the onset of disease is rather sudden?
5. Why is AIDS such a devastating disease?
6. Why do some people have allergies? Is there a genetic component?
7. How does your body remember when you've had an infectious disease before?
8. Does the following constellation of symptoms more closely describe rheumatoid arthritis or SLE: butterfly rash, presence of anti-nuclear antibodies, and renal involvement?
9. Which of the following routes is most likely to elicit a serious hypersensitivity reaction, oral, inhalant, intravenous injection? Why?
10. Of the four types of hypersensitivity reactions, which two are responsible for most of the auto-immune diseases?
11. Of the four types of hypersensitivity reactions, which does not require antibodies?
12. If an individual has a deficiency of suppressor T cells, would he be more or less likely to have an autoimmune disease?
13. If a precipitating cause of rheumatoid arthritis is a viral infection, why do the symptoms persist even after the virus is killed?
14. Why might a fetal thymus implant help an infant born with DiGeorge Syndrome? Would a baby with DiGeorge Syndrome have more difficulty with bacterial or viral infections?
15. Various blood cells are involved in the body's immune defense. Are lymphocytes or neutrophils more responsible for specific immunity?
16. Why are granulocytes also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes?
17. What are granulocyte-colony stimulating factors? When might they be used?
18. What is the basis for the immune surveillance theory of cancer prevention? What evidence can you put forward to support such a theory?

Exercise:

Test your knowledge of this module by answering the questions in Exercise 8. By now, you've done a lot of these exercises in Angel, but don't forget, you must complete it to be sure that you receive the point of extra credit.

This module should be finished by Nov. 10 and will be on the exam on Nov. 16, 2006, in Room 1050 SON, from 3-5 p.m.  The deadline for participation in the discussion group for this module is midnight on Sunday, Nov. 12th.